Analyze the causes of landslides in Wayanad and evaluate the measures needed for disaster risk reduction in the Western Ghats region

Introduction:

The recent devastating landslides in Wayanad, Kerala, resulting in 215 deaths, highlight the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting the Western Ghats' ecological stability and the urgent need for comprehensive disaster risk management.

Key Points:

Natural Vulnerability:

49.7% of Kerala's land (19,301 sq km) is prone to landslides.

31.54% of Wayanad is highly susceptible.

The steep slopes of the Western Ghats increase the risk.

Record rainfall of 527mm in 48 hours in Mundakkai.

Human-Induced Factors:

62% reduction in forest cover (1950-2018).

1,800% increase in plantation area.

Uncontrolled tourism development.

Construction of resorts and artificial lakes.

Abandoned quarries in sensitive zones.

Monocropping leading to soil loosening.

Climate Change Impact:

Arabian Sea warming is causing extreme rainfall.

Fewer rainy days but more intense downpours.

Changing rainfall patterns.

Drier summers affecting soil absorption.

Protection Measures Proposed:

Gadgil Committee recommendations (2011).

Three-tier Ecological Sensitive Zone system.

Kasturirangan Committee modifications.

Draft notifications for Western Ghats protection.

Current Challenges:

Non-implementation of committee recommendations.

Lack of early warning systems.

Conflict between development and conservation.

State resistance to environmental restrictions.

Conclusion:

Protecting Wayanad and the Western Ghats requires a balanced approach between development and conservation. Implementing scientific recommendations, improving early warning systems, and ensuring sustainable land use practices are crucial for preventing future disasters.