Critically analyze the effectiveness of Gender Budgeting in India with special reference to the recent Budget 2024-25. What measures can be taken to improve gender-responsive budgeting in India?

Introduction: The Gender Budgeting Statement (GBS) in India’s Union Budget reflects the government’s commitment to women’s empowerment through targeted financial allocations. The 2024-25 budget is notable for reaching 1% of GDP in gender-related spending, marking a significant milestone.

Recent Developments:

Gender Budget has surpassed ₹3 lakh crore.

Constitutes 6.8% of total budget expenditure.

For the first time, it has reached 1% of the country’s GDP.

Introduction of a new Part C in the GBS.

Enhanced allocations in Part A.

Reporting Changes:

Inclusion of the PM Kisan scheme in Part C.

PMAY scheme shifted from Part B to Part A.

National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) is now fully reported in Part A.

Modifications in MGNREGS reporting methods.

Introduction of new schemes for women entrepreneurs.

Current Challenges:

Over-reporting in certain schemes.

Under-reporting in others, creating inconsistencies.

Lack of clear explanations for many allocations.

Missing schemes in gender-specific reporting.

Inconsistent methods across different reporting sections.

Areas of Concern:

MGNREGS reporting stands at only 33.6% despite 59.3% participation by women.

Missing allocations for key schemes like PM Vishwakarma.

Unclear rationale for percentage-based allocations in the GBS.

Need for a systematic approach to gender-based budget allocations.

Issues with accountability in implementing gender-specific spending.

Suggested Improvements:

Include clear explanations for GBS entries to enhance transparency.

Develop a standardized, scientific reporting methodology.

Conduct regular gender audits to assess effectiveness.

Improved planning to meet women’s specific needs in various sectors.

Strengthen monitoring mechanisms to track spending and impact.

Conclusion: While Gender Budgeting in India has made significant strides, particularly with the recent increase in allocations, a more systematic and transparent reporting mechanism is needed. The focus should shift from mere increases in allocation to actual, impactful spending for women’s development and empowerment.